What is two-factor authentication for passwords?

Two-factor authentication for passwords is an extra layer of security used to protect online accounts and sensitive information. It adds an additional step to the standard process of entering a username and password by requiring the user to provide a second form of authentication.

Typically, the two factors used for authentication are:

• Something you know: This refers to the traditional password or PIN.
• Something you have: This can be a physical device, such as a smartphone, or a virtual token generated by an application.

When two-factor authentication is enabled, after entering the correct password, the user is prompted to provide the second factor of authentication. This can be done through various methods, including:

1. Receiving a unique code via SMS or email, which must be entered.
2. Using an authentication app to generate a time-based one-time password (TOTP).
3. Using a physical security key, such as a USB token or a biometric device.

Implementing two-factor authentication significantly enhances security because even if someone manages to obtain or guess your password, they still won't be able to access your account without the second factor. It adds an extra barrier that makes it considerably more difficult for unauthorized individuals to breach your account and helps protect against various cyber threats, such as phishing and password cracking.